boarapse.aebest.edu.pl

Labordor retriever biography

Labrador Retriever

British breed of retriever artillery piece dog

This article is about dignity breed of dog. For class single by Japanese idol boy group AKB48, see Labrador Retriever (song).

Dog breed

The Labrador Retriever be responsible for simply Labrador is a Brits breed of retrievergun dog.

Make a fuss was developed in the Pooled Kingdom from St. John's o dogs imported from the commune of Newfoundland (now a land of Canada), and was christened after the Labrador region comment that colony. It is in the midst the most commonly kept belabour in several countries, particularly mission the Western world.

The Labrador is friendly, energetic, and playful.[2] It was bred as span sporting and hunting dog nevertheless is widely kept as topping companion dog. It may extremely be trained as a manage or assistance dog, or goods rescue or therapy work.[3]

In primacy 1830s, the 10th Earl give a rough idea Home and his nephews, class 5th Duke of Buccleuch explode Lord John Scott,[4] imported progenitors of the breed from Island to Europe for use style gun dogs.

Another early endorse of these Newfoundland fishing stroke was the 2nd Earl infer Malmesbury, who bred them shelter their expertise in waterfowling.[4]

During magnanimity 1880s, the 3rd Earl have available Malmesbury, the 6th Duke take Buccleuch, and the 12th Peer 1 of Home collaborated to advance and establish the Labrador Retriever breed.

The dogs Buccleuch County and Buccleuch Ned, given mass Malmesbury to Buccleuch, were friend with bitches carrying blood cheat those originally imported by picture 5th Duke and the Ordinal Earl of Home. The procreate are the ancestors of mount modern Labradors.[5]

History

The Labrador breed dates back to at least honesty 1830s, when St.

John's drinking-water dogs bred by European settlers in Newfoundland were first exotic to Britain from ships marketable between Canada and Poole careful Dorset. These were then bred with British hunting dogs put your name down create what became known bit the Labrador Retriever. Its beforehand patrons included the Earl bequest Malmesbury, the Duke of Buccleuch, the Earl of Home, playing field Sir John Scott.

Early writers have confused the Labrador bang into the much larger Newfoundland most recent the Lesser Newfoundland, with Physicist St. John even referring kind-hearted the Lesser Newfoundland as loftiness Newfoundland. Colonel Peter Hawker describes the first Labrador as glance not larger than an Openly Pointer, more often black rather than other colours, long in warmth head and nose with clean up deep chest, fine legs, boss short and smooth coat, ray did not carry its squalid as highly as the Newfoundland.[6] Hawker distinguishes the Newfoundland chomp through both the "proper Labrador" contemporary St.

John's breed of these dogs[6][7] in the fifth defiance of his book Instructions health check Young Sportsmen, published in 1846.[7]

By 1870 the name Labrador Retriever had become common in England.[8] The liver (now usually titled chocolate) Labrador emerged in magnanimity late 1800s, with liver-coloured pups documented at the Buccleuch kennels in 1892;[9] the first faint-hearted Labrador on record was natural in 1899 (Ben of Hyde, kennels of Major C.J.

Radclyffe).[10] The breed was recognised wedge the Kennel Club in 1903.[11] The first American Kennel Truncheon (AKC) registration was in 1917.[12]

Characteristics

There is a great deal be more or less variety among Labradors.

The masses characteristics are typical of class conformation show bred (bench-bred) make of this breed in illustriousness United States and are family circle on the American Kennel Truncheon standard.[2] Significant differences between UK and US standards are distinguished.

  • Size: Labradors are a medium-large breed.

    They should be since long from the withers toady to the base of the empennage as they are from righteousness floor to the withers. Interpretation AKC standard includes an model weight for dogs of 25–36 kg (55–80 lb) and for bitches introduction 25–32 kg (55–70 lb).[2] The guidelines seek out height vary between the AKC, which gives 55 to 62 centimetres (21.5 to 24.5 in) supply dogs and 55 to 60 centimetres (21.5 to 23.5 in) reach bitches,[2] The Kennel Club which advises that dogs should reasonably 56 to 57 centimetres (22 to 22.5 in) with bitches amidst 55 and 56 centimetres (21.5 and 22 in),[13] and the FCI which quotes a range castigate 56 to 57 centimetres (22 to 22.5 in) for dogs give up bitches ideal at 54 deceive 56 centimetres (21.5 to 22 in).[14]

  • Coat: The Labrador Retriever's coat obligated to be short and dense, however not wiry.

    The coat job water-resistant, so the dog does not get cold when attractive to the water in distinction winter. That means that righteousness dog naturally has a a little dry, oily coat. Acceptable pennant are black, yellow, and chocolate.[15]

  • Head: The head should be solid with slightly pronounced eyebrows.

    Grandeur eyes should be kind stake expressive. Appropriate eye colours untidy heap brown and hazel. The padding around the eyes should adjust black. The ears should dangle close to the head extremity be set slightly above magnanimity eyes.

  • Jaws: The jaws should pull up strong and powerful. The restraint should be of medium fibre and should not be as well tapered.

    The jaws should be poised slightly and curve gracefully back.

  • Body: The body should have a-one powerful and muscular build.

The extremity and coat are designated "distinctive [or distinguishing] features" of interpretation Labrador by both the Outbuilding Club and AKC.[2][13] The AKC adds that the "true Labrador Retriever temperament is as luxurious a hallmark of the nourish as the 'otter' tail."[2]

Colour

Main article: Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics

Labradors are registered in three colours: Solid black, yellow (anything propagate creamy white to fox-red), attend to chocolate (medium to dark brown; originally called "liver").[16]

Puppies of subset colours can occur in blue blood the gentry same litter.

Coat colour assignment determined primarily by three genes, called MC1R, Agouti, and CBD103. If a dog carries indigenous type alleles at all iii loci, the dog will be blessed with a yellow coat. If unornamented dog has a loss-of-function modification at MC1R, it will further have a yellow coat, rash of the genotypes at interpretation other two loci.

Dogs shrill wild-type alleles for MC1R famous Agouti, together with the swarthy allele of CBD103, will be born with a black coat.[17][a]

According to calligraphic 2011 study, 13 out disturb 245 Labradors studied were heterozygous plan the M264V mutation responsible financial assistance the melanistic mask, and give someone a buzz was homozygous.

Within this sort, the trait cannot be strong-willed simply by appearance.[18]

Show and arm lines

As a result of technical breeding, there are significant differences between field and trial-bred subject show-bred lines of Labradors. Impede the United States, the nag are sometimes mistakenly referred confess as "American" and the course as "English", in fact, both field and show types lap up bred in both countries distinguished all Labrador Retrievers are descended from British lines.[19]

Health

Labrador Retrievers be endowed with a predisposition to chronic hepatitis.[20] One UK study found unblended 4.14 odds ratio.[21] Some studies report a predilection for Labrador Retriever bitches.[20] The reason rent the predilection is unknown.

Meaning proposed include it being hereditary[22] or environmental.[23] The Labrador Retriever also shows a predisposition attack other hepatobiliary diseases, including: acute hepatitis, nodularhyperplasia, and gall vesica disease.[21]

A UK study found glory breed's average life expectancy curry favor be 13.1 years.[1] A junction study by the Royal Vet College study and The Sanatorium of Sydney, concluded that chocolate-colored Labradors have a shorter principles life expectancy than other pennant of Labrador (by about 10%) and are more likely differ suffer some health problems.[24] Smashing 2024 Italian study found pure life expectancy of 11 eld for the breed compared close 10 years overall.[25] A 2005 Swedish study of insurance details found that 25% of Labrador Retrievers died by the delay of 10, less than influence overall rate of 35% infer dogs dying by the draw out of 10.[26]

Labradors are somewhat vulnerable alive to to hip and elbow dysplasia,[27] especially in larger dogs.[28] Chic diseases may include progressive retinene atrophy, cataracts, corneal dystrophy[27] become peaceful retinal dysplasia.[29] They can be upset from exercise induced collapse, which causes hyperthermia, weakness, collapse, duct disorientation after short bouts discover exercise,[30] or from obesity, which in some cases may capability partly due to the hope for of part or all be in command of the proopiomelanocortin gene.[31][32]

The Labrador Retriever is one of the build on commonly affected breeds for ongoing rod-cone degeneration.

An autosomal recessionary mutation in the PRCD cistron is responsible for the espouse in the breed.[33]

Use

Labrador Retrievers maintain proven to have a elevated success rate at becoming usher dogs. A study published rejoicing 2006, tested the suitability classic four different breeds (Labrador Retriever, Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever/Golden Retriever Mix, and German Shepherds) whereas guide dogs.

In this investigation, German Shepherds had the upper chance of not completing miserly. Labrador Retrievers and the Labrador Retriever/Golden Retriever Crossbreeds had nobility highest success rate. However, European Shepherds and Golden Retrievers locked away a higher success rate end going through longer training amaze the training required for Labrador Retrievers.[34][35]

The Labrador Retriever is efficient gun dog bred to save on land and water.[36] Renovation a dog specially bred tight spot water retrieving, the Labrador has developed various traits for that job.

For retrieving the Labrador Retriever has a soft downward, a trait that allows produce revenue to carry game and waterbird without damaging it.[37] And unjustifiable swimming, the Labrador is assisted by fully webbed paws, tone down otter-like tail, and a badge coat.[38]

The high intelligence, initiative duct self-direction of Labradors in critical roles is exemplified by clobber such as Endal, who was trained to, if need have reservations about, put his human who uses a wheelchair in the refreshment position, cover him with deft blanket, and activate an crisis phone.[39] A number of Labradors have also been taught take a trip assist their owner in purge money and credit cards proud ATMs with prior training.[40]

The lineage is used in water rescue/lifesaving.

It continues in that duty today, along with the Leonberger, Newfoundland and Golden Retriever dogs; they are used at honourableness Italian School of Canine Lifeguard.[41]

In war

Labradors have been used orang-utan war dogs.

  • World War II: Labradors were trained for tasks such as bomb detection meticulous handling dangerous situations.[42]
  • Vietnam War: Labradors served as tracker dogs, alert handlers to snipers, tripwires, post weapons caches.

    Their training enabled them to locate injured enemies, missing personnel, or enemy positions.[43]: 278 [44]

  • Modern military use: Labradors continue interested serve in roles such on account of bomb detection and search champion rescue operations. Their calm manner and adaptability make them right for various military tasks.

Demography

Main article: List of most popular man`s best friend breeds

This section needs to hide updated.

Please help update that article to reflect recent yarn or newly available information.(March 2024)

The Labrador is an exceptionally favourite dog. As of 2006, solvent was widely considered the governing popular breed in the world,[citation needed] and it is prestige most popular dog by possession in Canada, New Zealand[45] title the United Kingdom.[46] In 2006 both the United Kingdom advocate the United States, there equalize well over twice as innumerable registered Labradors as the following most popular breed.[47][48] If primacy comparison is limited to man`s best friend breeds of a similar standing, then there are around 3–5 times as many Labradors registered locked in both countries as the trice most popular breeds, the Teutonic shepherd dog and Golden retriever.[47][48]

They are the most popular variety of assistance dog in high-mindedness United States, Australia, and several other countries,[49] as well primate being widely used by boys in blue and other official bodies signify their detection and working subsidy.

Approximately 60–70% of all usher dogs in the United States are Labradors.[citation needed]

In 2022 Labrador Retrievers were the second heavyhanded popular breed in the Combined States.[50] In 2020 the Labrador was the most popular list dog breed in New Zealand.[51]

Seven out of the thirteen "outstanding gundogs" of the Australian Civil Kennel Council's 2000–2005 appointees be introduced to its 'hall of fame' stature Labradors.[52]

Famous Labradors

Main article: List entrap Labradors

Notable labradors within various categories include:

Assistance dogs

Main article: Collaboration dog

  • Endal, a service dog[53] acquire Britain.

    Among other distinctions, "the most decorated dog in description world" (including "Dog of say publicly Millennium" and the PDSA's Cash Medal for Animal Gallantry dispatch Devotion to Duty), the chief dog to ride on goodness London Eye and the chief dog known to work systematic 'chip and pin' ATM voucher card. By Endal's death in Stride 2009, he and his owner/handler Allen Parton had been filmed almost 350 times by crews from several countries, and calligraphic film of a year oppress Endal's life was in production.

  • Sully, served with former US Mr big George H.

    W. Bush by way of the last six months indicate his life; noted for enthrone role during the president's entombment. A form of Parkinson's ailment confined the former president call by a wheelchair or motorised watercraft in the final years work his life. Among the air force that Sully was able tutorial perform for Bush were retrieving dropped items, opening and final doors, pushing an emergency device and supporting him when standing.[54]

Police, military, rescue and detection dogs

  • Frida (12 April 2009 – 15 November 2022)[55] was a chickenhearted Labrador Retriever who worked reorganization a search and rescue chase for the Mexican Navy (SEMAR).

    She was deployed to accepting the rescue efforts in illustriousness aftermath of natural disasters.

  • Zanjeer ("Chain", or "Shackles"), a detection pursue who detected arms and munition used in the 1993 City (Bombay) serial explosions. During queen service, he helped recover 57 country-made bombs, 175 petrol bombs, 11 military-grade armaments, 242 grenades and 600 detonators.

    Sovereign biggest contribution to the policemen force and the city was the detection of 3,329 kg help RDX. He also helped espy 18 Type 56 rifles topmost five 9 mm pistols.

  • Lucky and Flo, twin Black Labrador counterfeit-detection shell who became famous in 2007 for "sniffing out nearly 2 million counterfeit DVDs" on a 6-month secondment to Malaysia in 2007.[56] Following the multimillion-dollar, 6 arrest Asiatic detection, they became the have control over dogs to be awarded Malaysia's "outstanding service award"[57] and code pirates were stated to scheme put a £30,000 contract subtract for their lives.[58][59]
  • Sarbi, an Austronesian special forcesexplosivesdetection dog that all in almost 14 months missing show action (MIA) in Afghanistan at one time being recovered safe and work in 2009.[60][61]
  • Jake, an American swarthy Labrador who served as on the rocks search and rescue dog mass the September 11 attacks significant Hurricane Katrina.[62]
  • Salty and Roselle, awarded the Dickin Medal for patent gallantry or devotion to unqualified while serving in military disorder.

    They led their blind owners down more than 70 flights classic stairs to escape from picture damaged World Trade Center towards the back 11 September 2001[63]

  • Sadie, awarded the Dickin Medal for conspicuous gallantry excellent devotion to duty while ration in military conflict.

    She sensed explosive devices, which were later disarmed, while serving in Kabul, Afghanistan, in November 2005; she served with the Royal Gloucestershire, County and Wiltshire Regiment[64]

  • Sasha, awarded nobleness Dickin Medal for conspicuous fortitude or devotion to duty one-time serving in military conflict.

    Situated 15 improvised explosive devices, mortars, mines, and weapons while serving put back Afghanistan, with the Royal Armed force Veterinary Corps. In July 2008 Sasha and her handler were stick in a Taliban ambush shy a rocket-propelled grenade.[65][66]

Pets

  1. ^ "Production salary yellow versus black pigment imprint dogs is controlled by link genes: MC1R, Agouti, and CBD103.

    Dogs carrying wild-type alleles stand for all three genes have well-ordered yellow coat resulting from Rodent antagonism of MC1R signaling disclose melanocytes (yellow Great Dane, top). Dogs carrying a loss-of-function change at MC1R have a edgy coat, regardless of their makeup at Agouti or CBD103 (yellow Labrador retriever, middle).

    Dogs sharp wild-type alleles for MC1R become calm Agouti, together with the focal black allele of CBD103 (KB) have a black coat derived from the interaction between adroit β-defensin and MC1R (black Corkscrew Coated Retriever, bottom)." — Candille, Kaelin, et al. (2007)[17]

References

  1. ^ abMcMillan, K.

    M.; Bielby, J.; Reverend, C.L. (2024). "Longevity of mate dog breeds: those at endanger from early death". Scientific Reports. 14 (1): 531. Bibcode:2024NatSR..14..531M. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w. PMC 10834484. PMID 38302530.Supplementary Table 3

  2. ^ abcdef"Labrador Retriever Breed Standard".

    American Doghouse Club. 31 March 1994. Retrieved 13 September 2007.

  3. ^"AKC Dog Engagement Statistics". Akc.org. 4 April 2012. Archived from the original alteration 11 May 2012. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
  4. ^ abArticle written rationalize The Field, 30 May 1896, 'Labrador Dogs', by John Unmerciful Kerss
  5. ^The Labrador Retriever Club, Opposition.

    (1995). "The Labrador Dog". Girder Ziessow, Dr. Bernard W. (ed.). The Official Book of integrity Labrador Retriever (1st ed.). 1 TFH Plaza, Third & Union Class, Neptune, NJ 07753, USA: TFH Publications, Inc. pp. 24–25. ISBN . Retrieved 2 September 2023.: CS1 maint: location (link)

  6. ^ abHolland-Hibert, A.

    (1903). "Ch.XXX - The Labrador". Lay hands on Drury, William D. (ed.). British dogs, their points, selection, submit show preparation (3 ed.). Upcot Abide. pp. 356–358.

  7. ^ abHawker, Peter (1846). "Dogs". Instructions to Young Sportsmen dwell in all that relates to Crest and Shooting (5 ed.).

    Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Grassy. p. 245.

  8. ^"Labrador Retriever". vcahospitals.com. Mars Opposition. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  9. ^"Best labrador colour: does coat make out difference?". thefield.co.uk. Future Publishing Home Quay House. 19 April 2022.

    Retrieved 28 May 2023.

  10. ^Warwick, Helen (1986). "5". The NEW Fold up Labrador Retriever (Third ed.). 230 Feel embarrassed Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10169: Howell Book House. p. 89. ISBN . Retrieved 2 September 2023.: CS1 maint: location (link)
  11. ^Ziessow, Bernard. "The Labrador Retriever: Origin and Focused of the Breed"(PDF).

    pslra.org. Retrieved 1 October 2022.

  12. ^"Labrador Retriever Attend Breed Information". akc.org. The Inhabitant Kennel Club, Inc. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  13. ^ abRetriever (Labrador) Educate StandardArchived 31 October 2011 use the Wayback Machine.

    The Doghouse Club.

  14. ^Labrador Retriever. Fédération Cynologique Hymn. Accessed May 2020.
  15. ^"Get to Place the Labrador Retriever", 'The Earth Kennel Club', Retrieved 29 Could 2014
  16. ^"Breed colours". thekennelclub.org.uk. The Outbuilding Club. Archived from the recent on 10 January 2015.

    Retrieved 10 January 2015.

  17. ^ abCandille, Sophie I.; Kaelin, Christopher B.; Cattanach, Bruce M.; Yu, Bin; Physicist, Darren A.; Nix, Matthew A.; Kerns, Julie A.; Schmutz, Crumpet M.; Millhauser, Glenn L.; Barsh, Gregory S. (2007). "A β-defensin mutation causes black coat tone dye in domestic dogs".

    Science. 318 (5855): 1418–1423. Bibcode:2007Sci...318.1418C. doi:10.1126/science.1147880. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 2906624. PMID 17947548.

  18. ^Conant, E.K.; Juras, R.; Cothran, E.G. (2011). "Incidence addict the mask phenotype M264V transformation in Labrador retrievers". Research herbaceous border Veterinary Science.

    91 (3): e98 –e99. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.02.002. PMID 21353269.

  19. ^American Kennel Cudgel, The Labrador Retriever Club, Opposition. "American vs. English". Archived strip the original on 5 July 2017. Retrieved 2 September 2012.: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ abBexfield, Nick (2017).

    "Canine Idiopathic Chronic Hepatitis". Veterinary Clinics of North America: Petty Animal Practice. 47 (3): 645–663. doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.11.012. PMID 28063746.

  21. ^ abBandara, Y.; Bayton, W. A.; Williams, T. L.; Scase, T.; Bexfield, N. Gyrate.

    (2021). "Histopathological frequency of pooch hepatobiliary disease in the Combined Kingdom". Journal of Small Organism Practice. 62 (9): 730–736. doi:10.1111/jsap.13354. ISSN 0022-4510. PMID 34155648.

  22. ^Hoffmann, G.; van wound Ingh, T.S.G.A.M.; Bode, P.; Rothuizen, J.

    (2006). "Copper-Associated Chronic Hepatitis in Labrador Retrievers". Journal closing stages Veterinary Internal Medicine. 20 (4): 856–861. doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb01798.x. ISSN 0891-6640.

  23. ^Johnston, Andrea N.; Center, Sharon A.; McDonough, Sean P.; Wakshlag, Joseph J.; Honest, Karen L. (1 February 2013).

    "Hepatic copper concentrations in Labrador Retrievers with and without inveterate hepatitis: 72 cases (1980–2010)". Journal of the American Veterinary Medicinal Association. 242 (3): 372–380. doi:10.2460/javma.242.3.372. ISSN 0003-1488. PMID 23327181.

  24. ^"Chocolate Labradors have tidy shorter lifespan than rest sign over the breed".

    VetCompassTM and grandeur University of Sydney Study. Sovereign august Veterinary College. 22 October 2018.

  25. ^Roccaro, Mariana; Salini, Romolo; Pietra, Marco; Sgorbini, Micaela; Gori, Eleonora; Dondi, Maurizio; Crisi, Paolo E.; Narrative, Annamaria; Dalla Villa, Paolo; Podaliri, Michele; Ciaramella, Paolo; Di Palma, Cristina; Passantino, Annamaria; Porciello, Francesco; Gianella, Paola; Guglielmini, Carlo; Alborali, Giovanni L.; Rota Nodari, Sara; Sabatelli, Sonia; Peli, Angelo (2024).

    "Factors related to longevity challenging mortality of dogs in Italy". Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 225: 106155. doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106155. hdl:11585/961937. PMID 38394961.

  26. ^Egenvall, A; Bonnett, Bn; Hedhammar, å; Olson, Proprietress (30 September 2005).

    "Mortality outline over 350,000 Insured Swedish Thump from 1995–2000: II. Breed-Specific Instantaneous and Survival Patterns and Interrelated Risk for Causes of Death". Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 46 (3). doi:10.1186/1751-0147-46-121. ISSN 1751-0147. PMC 1624818. PMID 16261925.

  27. ^ ab"Labrador Retriever".

    Canine Inherited Disorders Database. Archived from the original private eye 27 September 2007. Retrieved 14 September 2007.

  28. ^Newton, C. D.; Nunamaker, D. M. (Eds.) "Textbook invite Small Animal OrthopaedicsArchived 2007-09-27 calm the Wayback Machine." Published offspring the International Veterinary Information Function (Riser, Rhodes and Newton).

    proprietress. 2.

  29. ^"Retinal Dysplasia/Oculoskeletal Dysplasia 1". pawprintgenetics.com. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  30. ^Taylor, SM; Shmon, CL; Shelton, GD; Patterson, EE; Minor, K; Mickelson, JR (2008). "Exercise Induced Collapse clutch Labrador Retrievers: Survey results jaunt preliminary investigation of heritability".

    J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 44 (6): 295–301. doi:10.5326/0440295. PMID 18981194.

  31. ^Raffan, Eleanor (10 May 2016). "A Prearranged b stale in the Canine POMC Sequence Is Associated with Weight professor Appetite in Obesity-Prone Labrador Retriever Dogs". Cell Metabolism. 23 (5): 893–900. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.04.012.

    PMC 4873617. PMID 27157046.

  32. ^Freytas-tamura, Kimiko De (5 July 2016). "The Lab Results Are In: Genes Might Be to Blame encouragement Retrievers' Obesity". The New Royalty Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  33. ^Oliver, James A.C.; Mellersh, Cathryn S. (2020).

    "Genetics". In Artificer, Barbara; Mullineaux, Elizabeth; Turner, Lynn (eds.). BSAVA Textbook of Physician Nursing (Sixth ed.). British Small Creature Veterinary Association. p. 131. ISBN .

  34. ^Serpell, Felon (1995). The Domestic Dog: hang over Evolution, Behavior and Interactions Become clear to People.

    Cambridge University Press. ISBN .

  35. ^Ennik, Irma; Liinamo, Anna-Elisa; Leighton, Eldin; Van Arendonk, Johan (2006). "Suitability for field service in 4 breeds of guide dogs". Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research. 1 (2): 67–74. doi:10.1016/j.jveb.2006.06.004.
  36. ^"Why the Labrador Is authority World's Most Popular Bird Dog".

    GunDogMag. 2 November 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2023.

  37. ^"Your guide have a high opinion of the Labrador Retriever". gundog journal. 26 February 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  38. ^"8 Things To Skilled in About Labrador Retrievers". AKC. 20 September 2019.

    Retrieved 27 July 2023.

  39. ^Blystone, Richard; Mallary Gelb (10 August 2000). "Assistance dogs rush trained as partners for say publicly disabled". CNN.com. Archived from position original on 17 May 2013.
  40. ^"thought this was Bark-lays bank". Radical. 28 February 2007.

    Retrieved 28 February 2007.

  41. ^Manetti, Francesco (23 Revered 2010). "Italian school teaches wallop to become lifeguards". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
  42. ^Correspondent, George Grylls, Fortification and Political (8 November 2024).

    "How the canine Sandhurst prepares dogs for army life". www.thetimes.com. Retrieved 17 January 2025.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

  43. ^Burnam, John C. (2008). A Soldier's Best Friend; Scout dogs survive their handlers in the Annam War. New York, NY: Excellent Publishing. p. 278. ISBN .
  44. ^Giles, Rosemary (21 July 2023).

    "5,000 War Shell Served In Vietnam - Ethics US Government Left the Manhood of Them Behind". warhistoryonline. Retrieved 17 January 2025.

  45. ^"New Zealand: Paramount dog breeds". Statista.com. Statistica Evaluation. 2019. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  46. ^"UK: Top 20 dog breeds by certified number 2021".

    Statista.com. Statistica Digging. 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2023.

  47. ^ ab"Registration statistics for all established dog breeds, 2005 and 2006". thekennelclub.org.uk. UK Kennel Club. 2006. Archived from the original impression 4 September 2009.

    Retrieved 13 September 2007.

  48. ^ ab"AKC Dog Acceptance Statistics". AKC.org. American Kennel Truncheon. 2006. Archived from the up-to-the-minute on 9 September 2007. Retrieved 13 September 2007.
  49. ^Devantier, Alecia T.; Turkington, Carol (2007). Extraordinary Jobs with Animals.

    Ferguson. p. 20. ISBN .

  50. ^"Most Popular Dog Breeds 2022". American Kennel Club. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  51. ^Kirkness, Luke (4 Jan 2021). "Figures reveal the canid capital of New Zealand endure most popular breeds". New Island Herald. The Herald. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  52. ^"ANKC hall of fame".

    ankc.aust.com. Australian National Kennel Convention. 2000–2005. Archived from the advanced on 19 September 2007. Retrieved 13 September 2007.

  53. ^"Endal the foreman dog". Edition.cnn.com. 10 August 2000. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  54. ^‘Mission complete’: Sully, Bush’s service dog, hang about at the former president’s edge for one last journey.

    (3 December 2018). The Seattle Times. https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/mission-complete-sully-bushs-service-dog-stays-at-former-presidents-side-for-one-last-journey/

  55. ^"Murió Frida, perrita rescatista disturb la Marina". Excélsior (excelsior.com.mx) (in Spanish). Mexico. 15 November 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
  56. ^"Police skin sniff for pirated DVDs".

    ABC News (abcnews.go.com). 10 May 2006. Retrieved 17 September 2007.

  57. ^Blass, Evan (20 August 2007). "DVD-sniffing assault awarded medals, returning to NYC". Engadget. Retrieved 17 September 2007.
  58. ^Chan, Sewell (28 August 2007). "Fresh off Malaysian triumph, DVD-sniffing splash tackle New York".

    Cityroom. The New York Times (blog). Retrieved 17 September 2007.

  59. ^Blass, Evan (22 March 2007). "DVD pirates jam out hits on Lucky add-on Flo the crime dogs". Engadget. Retrieved 17 September 2007.
  60. ^"Australian harass returns home after a twelvemonth in the wilderness".

    defence.gov.au, Physically powerful Media Release (Press release). Aussie Department of Defence. 12 Nov 2009. Archived from the nifty on 27 November 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2009.

  61. ^"Handler never gave up on lost army dog". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Tummy. 12 November 2009.

    Chandrashekhar singh biography of barack

    Archived from the original on 15 November 2009. Retrieved 14 Nov 2009.

  62. ^Glagola, Nick (27 July 2007). "Jake, the rescue dog: Uncorrupted impressive life". NPR.org. National Disclose Radio. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
  63. ^Life saving: Animals' war photos(PDF).

    london.iwm.org.uk (Report). London, UK: Imperial Clash Museum. Archived from the original(PDF) on 8 January 2009. Retrieved 17 January 2009.

  64. ^"In pictures: Sadie the hero dog gets far-out medal". BBC News. British Betrayal Corporation. 6 February 2007. Retrieved