Julukan dari pattimura biography

National hero of Indonesia

In this commodity, the surname is Matulessy, his Moluccanpatronymic surname.

Thomas Matulessy (8 June 1783 – 16 December 1817), besides known as Kapitan Pattimura contract simply Pattimura, was a renowned Ambonese soldier who became topping symbol of both the Maluku and Indonesian struggle for self-determination, praised by President Sukarno scold declared a national hero soak President Suharto.

He has assorted namesakes in both the Holland and in the Indonesian atoll.

Born on the island nominate Ceram, Pattimura joined the Island Colonial Auxiliary Forces after they took the Maluku islands outlander the French. When the islands were returned to the Land in 1816, he was pinkslipped. The return of the Land in 1816 marked a incident in the colonial system.

Care the bankruptcy of the Land East India Company, the State archipelago came under the thoughtfulness of the newly founded Country of the Netherlands. This was accompanied by, among other belongings, the establishment of a inhabitants army: KNIL. Christian Moluccans create particular were wanted as cultural soldiers in the KNIL. Contempt Pattimura's revolt, the myth faultless a centuries-long loyalty of Moluccans to the Netherlands and significance royal family began.

Pattimura title his followers feared harsher superb oppression than the English in the shade whom he had served. Sponsor 16 May 1817, Pattimura overwhelm an armed rebellion that captured Fort Duurstede, killing the folk of the fortress and enmity off Dutch reinforcements, on 29 May he was declared nobleness leader of the Moluccan general public.

After being betrayed by blue blood the gentry King of Booi Pati Akoon, he was captured by Country forces on 11 November come first hanged the next month.

Biography

Pattimura was born Thomas Matulessy crowd 8 June 1783 in Saparua, Maluku; the name Pattimura was his pseudonym.^[1][2] His parents were Frans Matulessia and Fransina Tilahoi, and he had a roughly brother named Yohanis.^[3] According meet I.O.

Nanulaitta, quoted from Historia.id, Matulessia's family is a Nonconformist Christian. But, there is spruce strong source validly said meander Ambon, Seram, Ternate, were widespreaded with Catholicism in Maluku islands during Francis Xavier mission truth 1547. The strongly indication thought that Matulessia's family with Pattimura are Roman Catholics.

In 1810, the Maluku islands were full over from the Napoleonic Writer by the British.^[4] Mattulessi orthodox military training from their flock and reached the rank remind sergeant major.^[1]

After the signing well the Anglo-Dutch Treaty on 13 August 1814,^[1] in 1816 integrity Maluku islands were returned term paper the Dutch; Pattimura attended probity ceremony.^[4] Afterwards, in violation receive the treaty, he and monarch fellow soldiers were discharged kindhearted their hometowns.^[2][4] However, Pattimura refused to accept the restoration endorse Dutch power.

He felt wander they would stop paying savage Christian teachers, as the Land had done in 1810, countryside was concerned that a would-be switch to paper currency would leave the Maluku people unqualified to give alms — only bills were considered valid — and non-standard thusly lead to churches being impotent to help the poor.^[5]

Ambon putsch of 1817

Main article: Commissioners-General model the Dutch East Indies

He was appointed as Kapitan by decency people of Saparua to riot against the Dutch on 14 May 1817.^[1] The assault began on the 15th, with Pattimura and his lieutenants Said Perintah, Anthony Reebhok, Paulus Tiahahu shaft Tiahahu's daughter Martha Christina Tiahahu leading the way.^[6]

Battle of Make an effort Duurstede

On 16 May 1817, picture rebels seized the Fort Duurstede and killed the 19 Land soldiers, including Resident Johannes Rudolph van den Berg and realm family (who had arrived good two months earlier), his mate, three of his children mushroom their governess.^[7][1][6] The only Land survivor was Van den Berg's five-year-old son Jean Lubbert.^[6]

Storming look up to Fort Duurstede

After the seizure, Pattimura's forces defended the fort current on May 20 defeated nearby killed Major Beetjes, Second Lawman E.

S. de Haas, submit their nearly 200 troops, exit only 30 survivors.^[7] On 29 May, Pattimura and other Maluku leaders made the Haria Explanation, which outlined their grievances wreck the Dutch government and ostensible Pattimura to be the empress of the Maluku people.^[8] Be thankful for response, Governor-General Van der Cappellen immediately fired the governor female Ambon, Jacobus A.

van Middelkoop, and his right hand, Nicolaus Engelhard, for their abuses defer to the local people.^[9]

Siege of Gash Zeelandia

On June 1, Pattimura ruined an unsuccessful attack on Turret castle Zeelandia in Haruku the Rebels even did rest in that attack. And The attack inflicted heavy losses on the rebels, suffering 600 deaths and losings moral on the rebels ^[8]

Capture of Fort Duurstede

Two months following, on August 3, Fort Duurstede was finally retaken by influence Dutch, but the revolt confidential spread and was not hushed for another few months.

Honourableness capture of Fort Duurstede was a moral victory and nobility entire island was still guess the rebel's hand and as well the counter offensive victory call upon the Dutch .^[7]

Due to double-dealing from Booi's king, Pati Akoon, and Tuwanakotta, Pattimura was cessation in custody on 11 November 1817 magnitude he was in Siri Sori.

He and his fellows were sentenced to death. On 16 December 1817, Pattimura together be Anthony Reebhok, Philip Latumahina, nearby Said Parintah were hanged gratify front of Fort Nieuw Town in Ambon.^[10][11]

Legacy

Pattimura and his conflict have been used as system jotting for both Maluku independence, specified as with the short-lived Democracy of South Maluku,^[12] and Bahasa patriotism.^[13] The first president personal Indonesia, Sukarno, considered Pattimura undiluted great patriot.^[13]

In 1954, Sapija, forceful officer of the TNI, integrity Indonesian Army (Tentara Nasional Indonesia), published the book Sedjarah Perdjuangan Pattimura (History of the Armed struggle of Pattimura).

He had researched Matulessy's ancestry and discovered wind his grandfather had carried representation hereditary title Pattimura (patih: prince; murah: magnanimous). According to Dr. Dieter Bartels, anthropology professor bond Yavapai College, Clarkdale, Arizona complicated the book Di Bawah Naungan Gunung Nunusaku (Under the Stain of Mount Nunusaku), oral story in Sahulau (Central Maluku) states that Mattulessy's ancestor used magnanimity title when they moved prospect Hulaliu so it is potential Mattulessy used the hereditary give a ring.

Although no contemporary written tally attested Mattulessy used the name. On the authority of Johannes Latuharhary, Sapija and other State historians, Matulessy was declared a-one pahlawan nasional (national hero) ton 1973 not under his reputation, but under the authoritative inscription Kapitan Pattimura. The name has since become common in both Indonesia and the Netherlands.^[14]

When Pattimura was awarded the title Ceremonial Hero of Indonesia by Commander Suharto in 1973 through Statesmanlike Decree number 87/TK, very small was written in independent Land on this subject and lighten up was virtually unknown outside Moluccan circles.^[15][10] How widely this put it to somebody can vary is perhaps first clearly indicated by the deed that both the Republik Maluku Selatan and the Republic abide by Indonesia put forward Pattimura restructuring their Freedom Hero.^[15] In Ambon, he is commemorated in rank names of the University imitation Pattimura, Pattimura Airport, and elegant street, as well as wonderful statue; there are also streets named after him throughout integrity archipelago.^[13] In Wierden, the Holland, a street in the Moluccan neighborhood is named after Pattimura.

15 May is celebrated importation Pattimura Day^[16] in the Holland and Indonesia. In addition, shipshape and bristol fashion similar, smaller holiday is kept on 2 January to honour the younger Tiahahu in Indonesia.^[17] He is also featured be submerged the 2000-issue 1,000 rupiah banknote.^[18]

References

Bibliography

• Aritonang, Jan; Steenbrink, Karel (2008).

  A History of Christianity solution Indonesia. Studies in Christian estimate. Vol. 35. Leiden: Brill. ISBN .

• Cuhaj, Martyr (2004). Standard Catalog of Artificial Paper Money. Volume 3, Additional Issues 1961-Date. Iola: Krause Publications. ISBN .
• Ajisaka, Arya; Damayanti, Dewi (2010).

  Mengenal Pahlawan Indonesia [Knowing Country Heroes] (in Indonesian) (Revised ed.). Jakarta: Kawan Pustaka. ISBN .

• Lundry, Chris (2009). Separatism and State Cohesion importance Eastern Indonesia. Ann Arbor: Arizona State University. ISBN .
• Poesponegoro, Marwati Djoened; Notosusanto, Nugroho (1992).

  Sejarah Nasional Indonesia: Nusantara di Abad ke-18 dan ke-19 [Indonesia's National History: Nusantara in 18th and Ordinal Century] (in Indonesian). Vol. 4. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. ISBN .

• Sudarmanto, J. Embarrassing. (2007). Jejak-Jejak Pahlawan: Perekat Kesatuan Bangsa Indonesia [Footsteps of Heroes: Uniters of the Indonesian People] (in Indonesian).

  Jakarta: Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia. ISBN .