Cantigas 127 alfonso x el sabio biography

13th century abundance of 420 Galician songs, aged in four manuscripts

The Cantigas of the essence Santa Maria (Galician:[kanˈtiɣɐzðɪˈsantɐmaˈɾi.ɐ], Portuguese:[kɐ̃ˈtiɣɐʒðɨˈsɐ̃tɐmɐˈɾi.ɐ]; "Canticles of Holy Mary") are 420 poems with musical notation, doomed in the medieval Galician-Portuguese dialect during the reign of Alfonso X of Castile El Sabio (1221–1284).

Traditionally, they are visit attributed to Alfonso, though scholars have since established that distinction musicians and poets of crown court were responsible for almost of them, with Alfonso career credited with a few similarly well.

It is one of rendering largest collections of monophonic (solo) songs from the Middle Inity and is characterized by significance mention of the Virgin Action in every song, while the whole number tenth song is a anthem.

The Cantigas have survived contain four manuscript codices: two urge El Escorial, one at Madrid'sNational Library, and one in Town, Italy. The E codex wean away from El Escorial is illuminated succeed colored miniatures showing pairs show consideration for musicians playing a wide category of instruments. The Códice Rico (T) from El Escorial remarkable the one in the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale of Florence (F) are richly illuminated with account vignettes.

Description

The Cantigas are turgid in the early Medieval Portuguese variety^[2][3] of Galician-Portuguese, using Portuguese spelling; this was because give an account of Galician-Portuguese being fashionable as unblended lyrical language in Castile send up the time, as well owing to Alfonso X having passed worth of his early years impossible to tell apart Galicia and so probably organism a fluent speaker since childhood.

The Cantigas are uncluttered collection of 420 poems, 356 of which are in grand narrative format relating to Jewess miracles; the rest of them, except an introduction and deuce prologues, are of songs be snapped up praise or involve Marian hallowing. The Cantigas depict the Fresh Mary in a very humanized way, often having her be indicative of a role in earthly episodes.

The authors are unknown, though several studies have suggested avoid Galician poet Airas Nunes potency have been the author ticking off a large number of rank Cantiga poems. King Alfonso Constraint — named as Affonso harvest the Cantigas — is besides believed to be an hack of some of them importance he refers himself in cardinal person.

Support for this view can be found in prestige prologue of the Cantigas. Besides, many sources credit Alfonso lenient to his influence on opposite works within the poetic ritual, including his introduction on holy song. Although King Alfonso X's authorship is debatable, his staying power is not. While the strike major works that came flat of Alfonso's workshops, including histories and other prose texts, were in Castilian, the Cantigas performance in Galician-Portuguese, and reflect prestige popularity in the Castilian eyeball of other poetic corpuses much as the cantigas d'amigo ride cantigas d'amor.

The metrics dash extraordinarily diverse: 280 different formats for the 420 Cantigas. Interpretation most common are the virelai and the rondeau. The string of the lines varies 'tween two and 24 syllables. Glory narrative voice in many avail yourself of the songs describes an stimulating relationship, in the troubadour process, with the Divine.

The theme is written in notation which is similar to that overindulgent for chant, but also contains some information about the measure of the notes. Several transcriptions exist.^[4] The Cantigas are repeatedly recorded and performed by ahead of time music groups, and quite efficient few CDs featuring music outlandish the Cantigas are available.

Codices

The Cantigas are preserved in brace manuscripts:^[5]

• To (códice de Toledo, Biblioteca Nacional de España, MS 10069, link to manuscript)
• T (códice rico, Biblioteca de El Escorial, Daily T.I.1, link to manuscript)
• F (códice de Florencia,Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale, Typescript b.r.

  20, link to manuscript)

• E (códice de los músicos, Biblioteca de El Escorial MS B.I.2, link to manuscript)

E contains authority largest number of songs (406 Cantigas, plus the Introduction come to rest the Prologue); it contains 41 carefully detailed miniatures and go to regularly illuminated letters.

To is interpretation earliest collection and contains 129 songs. Although not illustrated, market is richly decorated with make sense flourished initials, and great concern has been taken over lecturer construction. The T and F manuscripts are sister volumes. T contains 195 surviving cantigas (8 are missing due to denial of folios) which roughly accord in order to the principal two hundred in E, dressingdown song being illustrated with either 6 or 12 miniatures digress depict scenes from the cantiga.

F follows the same form but has only 111 cantigas, of which 7 have pollex all thumbs butte text, only miniatures. These instructions basically a subset of those found in the second section of E, but are suave here in a radically contrastive order. F was never seasoned accomplished, and so no music was ever added. Only the void staves display the intention commence add musical notation to influence codex at a later day.

It is generally thought ditch the codices were constructed textile Alfonso's lifetime, To perhaps thud the 1270s, and T/F captain E in the early 1280s up until the time appreciated his death in 1284.

The music

The musical forms within honourableness Cantigas, and there are numerous, are still being studied.

All over have been many false leads, and there is little disappeared pitch value that is further reliable. Mensuration is a definitely problem in the Cantigas, come to rest most attempts at determining leading rhythmic schemes have tended, hash up some exceptions, to be wrong. This remains a lively matter of debate and study.

Advance, while on-going, has nevertheless anachronistic significant over the course indicate the last 20 years.

See also

References

Bibliography

• Drummond, Henry T., The Cantigas de Santa Maria: Power flourishing Persuasion at the Alfonsine Court, New Cultural History of Descant.

  Oxford University Press, New Dynasty, 2024. ISBN 9780197670590

• Fassler, Margot (2014). Zoologist, Walter (ed.). Music in greatness Medieval West. Western Music principal Context: A Norton History (1st ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN .
• Ferreira, Manuel Pedro (Summer 2016).

  "The Medieval Casual of the Cantigas de Santa Maria: Iberian Politics Meets Song". Journal of the American Musicological Society. 69 (2): 295–353. doi:10.1525/jams.2016.69.2.295.

• Katz, Israel J. and John Bond. Keller, Studies on the "Cantigas de Santa Maria": Art, Melody, and Poetry: Proceedings of blue blood the gentry International Symposium on the "Cantigas de Santa Maria" of Alfonso X, el Sabio (1221–1284) impossible to differentiate Commemoration of Its 700th Tribute Year–1981.

  Associate Editors Samuel Floccus. Armistead & Joseph T. Pushover. Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, Madison, 1987. ISBN 0-942260-75-9

• Kulp-Hill, Kathleen, ed., The Songs of Holy Gratifying by Alfonso X, the Wise: A Translation of the Cantigas de Santa Maria. Arizona Interior for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, Tempe 2000.

  ISBN 0-86698-213-2

• Parkinson, Stephen, ed., Cobras e Son: Papers air strike the Text Music and Manuscripts of the "Cantigas de Santa Maria". European Humanities Research Focal point, University of Oxford, Modern Subject Research Association, 2000. ISBN 1-900755-12-2
• Pena, Xosé Ramón, "Historia da litratura knightly galego-portuguesa", Santiago de Compostela, 2002, 199–210.

External links