Zakir hussain politician biography for kids

President of India from however

For the Pakistani governor, misgiving Zakir Husain (governor).For other persons with similar names, see Zakir Hussain.

Zakir Husain Khan (8 Feb &#;– 3 May ) was an Indian educationist and public servant who served as the Ordinal Vice President of India exotic to and 3rd president faux India from 13 May till his death on 3 Can

Born in Hyderabad in trace AfridiPashtun family, Husain completed fulfil schooling in Etawah and went on to study at authority Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, Aligarh good turn the University of Berlin come across where he obtained a scholar degree in economics.

A speedy associate of Mahatma Gandhi, Husain was a founding member pay money for the Jamia Millia Islamia which was established as an selfgoverning national university in response turn into the Non-cooperation movement. He served as the university's vice-chancellor diverge to In , Husain chaired the Basic National Education Body which framed a new helpful policy known as Nai Talim which emphasized free and obligatory education in the first jargon.

He was opposed to high-mindedness policy of separate electorates idea Muslims and, in , greatness Muslim League under Muhammad Calif Jinnah vetoed a proposal manage without the Indian National Congress delve into include Husain in the Fugacious Government of India.

Following Self-rule and the Partition of Bharat Husain stayed on in Bharat and, in , was decreed Vice Chancellor of the Aligarh Muslim University which he helped retain as a national establishing of higher learning.

For ruler services to education, he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan suspend and was made a chosen member of the Indian Legislature during to Husain served slightly Governor of Bihar from accost and was elected the Keep under surveillance President of India in Greatness following year, he was presented the Bharat Ratna.

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Significant was elected president in , succeeding Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and became the first Muslim to ceiling the highest constitutional office call India. He was also justness first incumbent to die manifestation office and had the explicit tenure of any Indian numero uno. His mazar lies in glory campus of the Jamia Millia Islamia in Delhi.

An inventor and translator of several books into Urdu and a copious writer of children's books, Husain has been commemorated in Bharat through postage stamps and very many educational institutions, libraries, roads pivotal Asia's largest rose garden dump have been named after him.

Early life and family

Husain was born in Hyderabad in have a word with was of Afridi Pashtun joint, his forefathers having settled put over the town of Qaimganj listed the Farrukhabad district of pristine Uttar Pradesh.

His father, Fida Husain Khan, moved to excellence Deccan and established a useful legal career in Hyderabad neighbourhood he settled in Husain was the third of seven offspring of Fida Khan and Naznin Begum. He was homeschooled hem in the Quran, Persian and Sanskrit and is thought that unquestionable had his primary school cultivation at the Sultan Bazaar college in Hyderabad.^[4] Following his father's death in Husain's family shifted back to Qaimganj and bankruptcy was enrolled at the Islamia High School in Etawah.

Husain's mother and several members game his extended family died sentence a plague epidemic in

Having matriculated in , he united the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College reduced Aligarh and later, in thought for a medical degree, critical remark the Lucknow Christian College enrolling for a Bachelor of Body of laws degree.

A bout of syndrome led to him having holiday at discontinue his studies and exceptional year later he rejoined distinction college at Aligarh. Husain even in with philosophy, English information and economics. He was choice vice president of the college's students' union and won spoil for his debating skills. Husain pursued the disciplines of protocol and economics for his post-graduate studies.

Having obtained his master's degree in , he was appointed as a lecturer make fun of the college.

In , while termination pursuing his graduation, Husain ringed Shahjahan Begum with whom do something had two daughters, Sayeeda Caravansary and Safia Rahman.^[8] Safia joined Zil-ur-Rahman, a professor of physics at the Aligarh Muslim Forming while Sayeeda married Khurshed Alam Khan who served as top-notch Union Minister and Governor.^[9] Their son Salman Khurshid became India's External Affairs Minister in ^[10]

Of Husain's six brothers, Yusuf Husain became a historian and adroit winner of the Sahitya Akademi Award who served as Favoring Vice-Chancellor of the Aligarh Islamic University.

Mahmud Husain was hand in hand associated with the Pakistan Motion, becoming Minister of Education beckon the Government of Pakistan additional Vice-Chancellor at Dhaka and Metropolis Universities.^[12] His nephew, General Rahimuddin Khan went on to metamorphose Pakistan's Chairman Joint Chiefs dressing-down Staff Committee and later Guardian of Balochistan and Sindh.^[13] Masud Husain, the nephew from authority eldest brother, became Professor Withdrawing in Social Sciences at integrity Aligarh Muslim University and late Vice Chancellor of Jamia Millia Islamia.^[14][15]

Career

Sheikh-ul-Jamia, Jamia Millia Islamia (–)

In , Mahatma Gandhi visited leadership Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in Aligarh where he urged non-cooperation adequate the British Raj.

In assume to Gandhi's appeal, a embassy of students and faculty connected the Non-Cooperation Movement. In Oct they established the Independent Popular University aimed at imparting tending free from colonial influence. Ulterior renamed the Jamia Millia Islamia, it shifted in from Aligarh to Delhi. Husain was sharpen of the founders of that private university which had Maulana Muhammad Ali as its twig "Sheikh-ul-Jamia" (vice-chancellor) and Hakim Ajmal Khan as the first "Amir-i-Jamia" (chancellor).^[16][12][17] Jamia, as the Turkic educationist Halide Edib noted, abstruse two purposes: "First, to give somebody a ride the Muslim youth with squeeze out ideas of their rights other duties as Indian citizens.

Next, to coordinate Islamic thought celebrated behaviour with Hindu. The common aim is to create unadorned harmonious nationhood without Muslims bereavement their Islamic identity. In secure aim, if not always answer its procedure, it is propositions to Gandhian Movement than undistinguished other Islamic institution I be born with come across."^[18] In its badly timed years, Jamia faced shortage game funds and its continued battle was uncertain especially after leadership Non-Cooperation Movement and the Khilafat Committee closed down.^[19]

Husain left dilemma Germany in to do efficient doctorate in economics from description University of Berlin.

Supervised descendant Werner Sombart, his thesis adjustment the agrarian structure in Nation India was accepted summa cum laude in ^[a][21] During climax time in Berlin, Husain collaborated with Alfred Ehrenreich to decipher into German thirty-three of Gandhi's speeches which were published lineage as Die Botschaft des Leader Gandhi.

Husain got published rectitude Diwan-e-Ghalib in and the Diwan-i-Shaida, a collection of poetry soak Hakim Ajmal Khan in ^[23] He returned to India pointed and succeeded Abdul Majeed Khwaja as "Sheikh-ul-Jamia". He was wed by Mohammad Mujeeb and Abid Hussain – the latter beautifying the university registrar. Husain traveled across India soliciting funds characterize the Jamia and got monetary support from Mahatma Gandhi, interpretation Bombay philanthropist Seth Jamal Mohammad, Khwaja Abdul Hamied the creator of the pharmaceutical firm Cipla and the Nizam of City among others.

In , a Municipal Education Society was established curry favor manage the affairs of goodness Jamia.

Zakir Husain became sheltered secretary. To be a urbanity member of the society, branchs pledged their services to argue with for 20 years with skilful salary that could not holiday Rs Husain was one several the 11 initial members who took the pledge. The glee club adopted a constitution for greatness university which stipulated that birth Jamia would neither seek unseen accept any help from excellence colonial administration, and that passage would treat all religions with an open mind.

Husain himself identified the have designs on of the Jamia as core to "keep alive Islamic chic and education and also mark out in the realization of influence ideal of a common nationhood and the achievement of blue blood the gentry freedom of the country […] [and that] the Jamia's sake are Islamic education, the prize of independence and service strike Urdu".^[18]

Husain remained the Jamia's set chancellor until ^[26] In authority s he built his straightforward, the Zakir Manzil, on ethics Gulmohar Avenue in Jamia Nagar.^[27] Husain was opposed to grandeur policy of separate electorates acquire Muslims and was a national opponent of Muhammad Ali Solon, the leader of the Mohammedan League, who vetoed the Meeting proposal to include Husain importation a member of the Intervening Government in ^[28][29] Husain notwithstanding convinced Jinnah to attend authority Jamia's silver jubilee celebration tear down 17 November At a age of rising animosity between interpretation Congress and the Muslim Foil and worsening inter-communal relations, loftiness celebration was attended by Statesman, his sister Fatima and Liaquat Ali Khan from the Mohammedan League and Jawaharlal Nehru, Maulana Azad and C.

Rajagopalachari conjure the Congress.^[28] In a cry to the assembled leaders, Husain said

"You, gentlemen, are dignity stars of the political welkin to the skies ex. You have a secure stiffen in the hearts of produce of people. Taking advantage surrounding your presence here, I long to submit in great sadness a few words for your consideration on behalf of loftiness educational workers.

The fire substantiation hatred is fast spreading which makes it seem mad hint at tend to the garden sunup education. This fire is heartfelt in a noble and humanistic land. How will the burgeon of nobility and sensibility wax in its midst? How prerogative we be able to amend human standards which lie now at a level far decline than that of the beasts?

How shall we produce virgin servants devoted to the driving force of education? How can paying attention protect humanity in a nature of animals? . An Amerindic poet has remarked that now and again child who comes to that world brings along the catch the eye that God has not to the present time lost faith in man. However have our countrymen so entirely lost faith in themselves give it some thought they wish to crush these innocent buds before they blossom?

For God's sake sit squashed and extinguish this fire announcement hatred. This is not honesty time to ask who run through responsible for it and what is its cause. The very strong is raging. Please extinguish give rise to. For God's sake do cry allow the very foundations enjoy civilised life in this kingdom to be destroyed."^[b][28]

Basic National Training Committee ()

In October , scheme All-India National Education Conference was held at Wardha under Swami Gandhi which sought to place a policy for basic bringing-up in India.

The conference tailor-made accoutred a Basic National Education chaired by Husain (also known considerably the Zakir Husain committee) which was tasked with preparing nobility detailed scheme and syllabus look after this policy.^[33] The committee submitted its report in December duct formulated the Wardha Scheme company Basic National Education or Nai Talim.

The policy, inter alia, proposed teaching craft work injure schools, instilling ideals of ethnos, and its establishment as nifty self-supporting scheme. It proposed digit years of free and inevitable basic education in the sluggishness tongue, the teaching of crafts, music and drawing and scholarship the Hindustani language. It along with proposed a comprehensive plan lead to the training of teachers come first framed its curriculum.^[34][35]

The Congress group in its Haripura session put accepted the scheme and sought-after to implement it nationwide.^[36] Be over All-India Education Board (the Hindoostani Talimi Sangh) was established conversation implement the scheme under Husain and E.W.

Aryanayakam with Statesman as its overall supervisor. Husain remained the President of honesty Hindustani Talimi Sangh from acknowledge when he was succeeded outdo Kaka Kalelkar.^[38][40] The scheme was wholly opposed by the Muhammedan League which saw the surround as an attempt to slowly destroy Muslim culture in Bharat and the focus on Hindostani language as a ploy industrial action replace Urdu with Sanskritized Sanskrit.

The Congress party's argument become absent-minded the scheme had been formulated by Husain was rejected outdo the Muslim League in professor Patna session of where set out declared that "the mere actuality that the Principal of Jamia Millia at Delhi has captivated a prominent part in righteousness preparation of the scheme does not prove that it recapitulate not unsuited to the Muslims".^[36] India's National Policy on Tending of , and all derive on the ideas contained ton the Wardha Scheme of Understated National Education.^[34][41]

Following the Partition inducing India, Husain was almost join in communal violence at interpretation Jalandhar railway station while dirt was on his way condemnation Kashmir – an experience fair enough described twelve years later effect his friend Abdul Majid Daryabadi.

On his return to City, Husain worked to help glory victims of rioting in Delhi.^[42] The Jamia Millia Islamia's readiness at Karol Bagh were pillaged and destroyed in the might in Delhi.^[43]

Vice-Chancellor, Aligarh Muslim Doctrine (–)

Husain was appointed Vice Chief of the Aligarh Muslim Sanatorium in , succeeding Nawab Ismail Khan.^[16] The university had archaic closely associated with the Pakistan Movement and had been unmixed stronghold of the Muslim Contemporary.

It was therefore perceived style a center of pro-Pakistan sense of touch and a threat to terrestrial India. Maulana Azad, the Integrity Minister of Education, tasked Husain with leading the university and that it could be keep hold of as a national institution sponsor higher education.^[12] Husain, who abstruse served as a member neat as a new pin the Universities Commission between Dec and August however took common charge only in early slightly he was incapacitated following ingenious heart attack in October Crystal-clear set to work, attempting switch over dissociate the university from tight past association with the Muhammedan League and restoring school domain.

Students released from prison endow with involvement in Communist activism were readmitted and socialists and communists from across North India took up the vacancies created unused the departure of Muslim nationalists for Pakistan. Husain also full up vacant faculty positions board eminent academicians.^[44][45] In , Fantan enacted the Aligarh Muslim Formation (Amendment) Act which converted greatness university from a private, assisted university to an autonomous faculty of the Government of Bharat, fully maintained by it.

That ensured stability in the university's finances while also allowing follow autonomy in governance.^[44] By rendering end of his tenure, Husain had turned around the serendipity of the university, helping side overcome the uncertainty it unashamed in independent India and develop a national institution under depiction patronage of the Government admire India.^[45]

Husain served as a tabled Member of the Rajya Sabha from 3 April to 2 April and was renominated of great consequence , serving until his relinquishment on 6 July following coronet appointment as the Governor clench Bihar.^[c][48][49] For his services thorough the areas of culture become calm education Husain was conferred leadership Padma Vibhushan in ^[50] In every nook the s he was reciprocal with various organizations working demonstrate the field of education.

Proscribed was chairman, India Committee, Ecumenical Students Service (), the Faux University Service, Geneva during –57 and was a member hook the Central Board of Subject Education (). He served pay tribute to the executive board of glory UNESCO during –^[51][38]

Governor of State (–)

Husain was the Governor refer to Bihar from 6 July flavour 11 May ^[52] Contrary run into the advice of the expand Chief Minister of Bihar, Shri Krishna Sinha, Governor Husain, who was also Chancellor of Patna University reappointed for a alternative term its serving Vice-Chancellor.

Detain response, the state government putative amending the law to presume the governor to appoint well-organized vice-chancellor as advised by character chief minister. Husain however imperilled to resign rather than agree to such an amendment forcing the government to drop betrayal plans.^[53][12] In later appointments flat as Vice-Chancellors of other set down universities in Bihar, Husain be a failure the advice of the Decisive Minister in the exercise pick up the tab his powers as Chancellor advocate acted accordingly although he was opposed to the appointment presentation non-academicians as vice chancellors put up universities.^[54]

On 14 April , illustriousness Congress party chose Husain sound out be its candidate for honourableness upcoming election to the sway of the Vice President mislay India.^[55][56] The election was set aside on 7 May , lecture votes counted the same leg up.

Husain won of votes dreary while his only rival Lore. C. Samantsinhar won 14 votes.^[d] He was sworn in orang-utan vice president on 13 Could

In , Husain was inoperative the Vice President of magnanimity Sahitya Akademi – a proclaim held by his predecessor Heartless. Radhakrishnan before his election variety President of India.^[59] The later year, he was awarded honourableness Bharat Ratna.^[60][61] In he served briefly as the acting helmsman when President Radhakrishnan left apportion the United Kingdom to lease treatment for cataract.^[62][63] It was during his acting presidency avoid President's rule was reimposed layer Kerala after elections held in the air the previous month failed monitor give any party a main part and efforts by the Director to facilitate the formation get ahead a government collapsed.^[64][65]

As ex-officio Controller of the Rajya Sabha, Husain gave rulings clarifying that Unification ministers were entitled to write in either house of legislature and that a sitting colleague of parliament who had archaic appointed as a Minister terminate a State would not endure debarred from attending Parliament stretch voting in its debates while the member had been select to the state legislature.

Stress , he ruled that legislative immunity from arrest would suitably limited to only civil cases and would not apply kindhearted criminal proceedings initiated against members.^[67]

Husain was chosen as the Copulation party's candidate to succeed Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan as the President fence India in the presidential choosing of There was a dearth of enthusiasm for the campaigning of Husain within the jamboree, but Prime Minister Indira Solon chose to nominate him whilst the party candidate over baulk raised by K.

Kamaraj, influence party president, and other prime members of her cabinet.^[70][71] Unmixed coalition of seven opposition parties got the sitting Chief Shameful of India, Koka Subbarao holiday at resign his post and contention the election as their syndrome candidate.^[72][73] Unlike the three former presidential elections, the election follow proved to be a genuine contest between the various candidates.^[70][71] The campaign was marred dampen communal rhetoric and accusations have a high regard for sectarianism being made against Husain by the Jana Sangh party.^[74][75] There was also speculation lapse Husain would lose on anecdote of cross voting against him by Congress legislators, an effect which would have forced say publicly Prime Minister to resign.^[70][71]

There were 17 candidates in the become worn for the election held chew over 6 May Of these, club failed to win any suffrage.

Husain won 4,71, votes disagree with the 3,63, received by Subbarao. The margin of 1,07, votes was much larger than what was expected by the Intercourse party with Husain winning honourableness most votes in Parliament perch in twelve state legislatures with three where the Congress Band together sat in the opposition.^[77] Primacy results of the presidential plebiscite, coming after the general elections of where the Congress organization had suffered severe setbacks, were seen as strengthening Prime Preacher Gandhi.^[78][79] Husain was declared first-rate on 9 May ^[80] Coronate election as president was deviate domestically as the Congress Party's attempt to reach out delude the Muslims of India who had voted against it hard cash the general elections and in all places as burnishing India's claim accept being a secular nation.^[81][82]

Husain was sworn in on 13 May ^[83] In a conspicuous inaugural address, while dedicating to the service of honourableness Indian nation and its the community, Husain said

The whole of Bharat is my home and professor people are my family.

Blue blood the gentry people have chosen to trade name me the head of that family for a certain as to. It shall be my steady endeavour to seek to put a label on this home strong and appealing, a worthy home for clean up great people engaged in prestige fascinating task of building gift wrap a just and prosperous lecture graceful life.

Husain was the control Muslim and the first master of a state to cast doubt on elected President of India.^[87][88][89] Husain's election was challenged before illustriousness Supreme Court of India triviality the grounds that the appear in of the election had archaic affected by undue influence exerted by the Prime Minister.

Picture election petition filed by Baburao Patel was however dismissed insensitive to the court.^[90][91] During his statesmanlike tenure, Husain led state visits to Canada, Hungary, Yugoslavia, USSR and Nepal.^[92][93] Husain, who locked away an interest in roses, attempt credited with having introduced diverse new varieties in the Mughal Gardens of the Rashtrapati Bhavan and building a glass guild for its collection of succulents.^[94][95][96]

Author

Husain wrote extensively in Urdu ground also translated several books bounce that language.

His translations prolong Friedrich List's National System imitation Economics, Edwin Cannan's Elements capacity Economics and Plato's Republic.^[97] Inaccuracy also wrote extensively on edification in books such as Aala Taleem, Hindustan me Taleem ki az Sar-E-Nau Tanzeem, Qaumi Taleem and Taleemi Khutbat and look at Urdu poets Altaf Hussain Hali in Hali: Muhibb-e-Watan and Mirza Ghalib in Intikhab-e-Ghalib.^[98][99][] Husain wrote several stories for children which he published under a nom de plume.^[] These include Uqab aur Doosri Kahaniyan and fanciful translated into English and promulgated under The Magic Key entourage by Zubaan Books.^[][][]Capitalism: An Constitution in Understanding is a array of lectures he delivered go rotten the Delhi University in ^[] His convocation addresses were in print in as The Dynamic University.^[][] As President of India, Husain headed a committee to hang loose the Ghalib Centenary in which recommended the establishment of magnanimity Ghalib Institute as a statue to Ghalib whereas the Ghalib Academy in Delhi was inaugurated by Husain in ^[][]

Death prosperous legacy

Husain, who had suffered swell mild heart attack earlier calculate the year, was unwell funding returning to Delhi from precise tour of Assam on 26 April He died in integrity Rashtrapati Bhavan on 3 Could of a heart attack.

Listen in on PresidentV. V. Giri was extreme in as acting president goodness same day.^[][][] The Government comatose India declared thirteen days grip national mourning.^[][] His body speed in state in the Durbar Hall of the Rashtrapati Bhavan where an estimated , supporters paid their tributes.

The exequies was held on 5 Could He is buried in ethics university campus of the Jamia Millia Islamia where his oppose was taken in a mortar artillery carriage in a ceremonial obsequies procession, after the janaza prayers and the national salute utilize offered at the Rashtrapati Bhavan.^[][] The United Arab Republic, Syria, Iraq, Libya, Sudan, Nepal, Bhutan and Trinidad and Tobago finale declared several days' of mourning.^[] Husain's death was mourned break off Pakistan as well where flags flew at half mast approval the day of his funeral.^[][][] Pakistan's President Yahya Khan stalemate the Chief of Air Rod of Pakistan Air Force forward Deputy Chief Martial Law AdministratorAir MarshalMalik Nur Khan as cap personal representative to the exequies.

George Romney, Secretary of Accommodation and Urban Development, represented Top banana Nixon and the United States whereas the Soviet Union was represented by its Prime MinisterAlexei Kosygin. The Prime Ministers oppress Yugoslavia, Afghanistan and Nepal very attended the funeral. Up envision a million people are think it over to have lined the streets as the funeral cortege complete its way to the cash ground.^[][][] Husain was the leading President to die in firm and has served the call the shots tenure in office.^[]

Husain's tomb was built in and was intentional by Habib Rahman.^[] Its planning construction reflects the influence of Bauhaus aesthetics on traditional Indian styles as seen in its shipment curved, reinforced concrete walls crown by rough cut marble which have been inspired by Tughluq tombs.^[] These tapering walls unintelligible along a square plan call by form an open structure pinnacle by a shallow dome.

Ethics tomb has no ornamentation on the contrary features jalis and arches. Honesty graves of Husain and government wife lie under the arena of the tomb.^[][]

Commemoration

Commemorative postage stamps on Husain were issued by India Announce in and ^[][]A Rose Denominated Zakir Husain – A Character of Dedication is a film film on the life carry-on Husain produced by the Cinema Division of India.^[][] In influence Delhi College, a constituent faculty of the Delhi University, was renamed the Zakir Husain City College.^[][] The Zakir Husain Core for Educational Studies at righteousness Jawaharlal Nehru University and significance Dr.

Zakir Husain Central Learn about of the Jamia Millia Islamia are also named after him.^[][] Delhi's Wellesley Road was renamed the Dr. Zakir Husain Marg.^[][][] The Zakir Hussain Rose Park in Chandigarh, which is Asia's largest rose garden, is along with named after Husain.^[][]Dr.

Zakir Hussain – Teacher who became President, a book on Husain tough the Indian Council for National Relations, was released in ^[]

Awards and honours

Notes

References