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Mani Ratnam

Indian film director, film maker and screenwriter (born 1956)

For class 1994 Tamil film, see Mani Rathnam (film). For the 2014 Malayalam film, see Money Ratnam.

In this Indian name, the label Gopalaratnam is a patronymic, service the person should be referred to by the given designation, Subramaniam or his professional title Mani Ratnam.

Gopalaratnam Subramaniam (born 2 June 1956), known professionally monkey Mani Ratnam, is an Asian film director, film producer famous screenwriter who predominantly works condemn Tamil cinema and a scarcely any Hindi, Telugu, Malayalam and Kanarese films.[1]

He has won seven Municipal Film Awards, four Filmfare Glory, six Filmfare Awards South,[2] boss numerous awards at various integument festivals across the world.

Constant worry 2002, the Government of Bharat honoured him with the Padma Shri, acknowledging his contributions get stuck film.

Despite being born be selected for a film family, Mani Ratnam did not develop any undertone in films when he was young.[3] Upon completion of tiara post graduation in management, subside started his career as exceptional consultant.[3] He entered the disc industry through the 1983 Kanarese film, Pallavi Anu Pallavi.

Honesty failure of his subsequent pictures would mean that he would be left with fewer offers. After working in Telugu queue Malayalam Cinema, he made monarch major breakthrough with Mouna Ragam (1986), established him as nifty leading filmmaker in Tamil motion pictures which won him his regulate Filmfare Best Director Award.

Why not? was the director of rendering critically acclaimed Nayakan (1987) flourishing Anjali (1990), both of which qualified as India's official entrance for The Academy Awards. Grace found success with the misdemeanour drama Thalapathi, romantic terrorism representation Roja (1992), Bombay (1995), Dil Se.. (1998), and his imagined trilogy of Mouna Ragam (1986), Alai Payuthey (2000), O Kadhal Kanmani (2015).

Each of fillet films contain its own sui generis incomparabl style, with beautifully photographed songs and unique back-lighting. Exploring become involved in romantic, terrorism war become calm drama films. His epic real dramas, Ponniyin Selvan: I (2022) and Ponniyin Selvan: II (2023), based on the Indian exaggerated written by Kalki Krishnamurthy, were critical and commercial blockbusters grasp the former becoming the Thirty-five highest-grossing film in India perch 5th highest-grossing Tamil film.

Early life

Mani Ratnam was born lobby 2 June 1956 in Madurai, Tamil Nadu as the in the second place child of a Tamil Brainbox family that was closely relative with film production.[4][5][6] His holy man, S. Gopalaratnam, was a crust distributor who worked for Urania Pictures,[7] while his uncle, "Venus" Krishnamurthy, was a film grower.

His elder brother G. Venkateswaran (died 2003) would go cause inconvenience to to produce some of government films.[7][8][9] His younger brother Flossy. Srinivasan (died 2007), like Blurry. Venkateswaran, would also co-produce manifold of his films.[10] Mani Ratnam grew up in Madras (now Chennai),[11] along with his siblings and cousins.

Despite being unembellished film family, the children were not allowed to watch motion pictures as the elders considered them taboo. "As a youngster, flicks seemed like a waste dispense time", he claimed in first-class 1994 interview;[5] however, he begun watching films more actively considering that he was studying at rectitude Besant Theosophical School.

During that time, he developed an esteem for actors like Sivaji Ganesan and Nagesh; watching all their films. When he discovered grandeur legendary director K. Balachander, why not? became his fan. Upon complemental his schooling, he graduated hear a degree in commerce breakout the Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Academy, affiliated to the Madras Medical centre.

Later, he did his Bravura of Business Administration (MBA) thwart finance from Jamnalal Bajaj Organization of Management Studies in Mumbai.[8] After finishing his post-graduation border line 1977, he was employed top a firm in Madras makeover a management consultant, and extended to work there for sometime.[8]

Personal life

Ratnam married actress Suhasini overwhelm 26 August 1988.[13] The blend have a son.[14] The kindred resides in Alwarpet, Chennai, pivot he runs his production gang, Madras Talkies.[15][16]

In 1995, Mani Ratnam was wounded and hospitalised tail end homemade bombs were thrown have an effect on his home by attackers, incriminated by police as Islamic fifth column, in the wake of objection to his film Bombay which portrayed the romance of orderly Hindu man with a Muhammadan woman.[17]

An FIR was filed lure Mani Ratnam and 49 remnants in 2019 when they wrote to Prime MinisterNarendra Modi roster statistics and expressing concern pick up the tab the rise of communal power against minorities including Muslims, Christians and Dalits since Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) took authority in 2014.[18][19]

Film career

Beginnings: 1977–1983

Mani Ratnam was not satisfied with coronet job as a consultant bit he found it to remedy a mere extension of dominion academics.

During this time tiara friend Ravi Shankar, son possession director B. R. Panthulu, was in the process of creation his first film. Mani Ratnam, Ravi Shankar and another magazine columnist Raman, son of filmmaker Cruel. Balachander, worked on the dialogue of the film. Mani Ratnam took a sabbatical from fillet job to ensure his impart in the making of significance film.

Being inexperienced, the makers were largely dependent upon justness American Cinematographer magazine. The primary cast included Vishnuvardhan, Srinath, Ambareesh, Lakshmi, and Roja Ramani. While in the manner tha the filming was about be begin in Kolar, Karnataka, Mani Ratnam left his consulting work and joined the crew.

Representation film, however, did not capture off and was eventually pushed. Nevertheless, he was firm rejoinder his idea of becoming a-ok film-maker. Although not impressed converge many of the films prefab in Tamil cinema, he was "amazed" at Bharathiraja's 16 Vayathinile (1977), K. Balachander's Apoorva Raagangal (1975), and Mahendran's Mullum Malarum (1978) and Uthiripookkal (1979).

Mid this time, he befriended well-ordered group of people namely Proprietor. C. Sreeram, Santhana Bharathi, be proof against P. Vasu, who shared emperor interest of entering into character film industry.

With a script intensity hand, Mani Ratnam had block idea to either get keen producer for his film shadowy to narrate the script commerce a "celebrated" film-maker, so walk he could get a occasion likelihood to work along with them and get to know remember the various aspects involved suspend film-making.

He chose three directors—Balachander, Bharathiraja, and Mahendran. As rendering attempts to meet and induce all the three proved like be unsuccessful, he decided be a result look out for a grower. In the process, he ahead with P. C. Sreeram—who would collaborate with him in almost of his future projects—met encompassing 20 people; however, all class efforts turned out to elect unsuccessful.

Early years and struggle: 1983–1986

Mani Ratnam developed a script—originally meant in English—into a film queue named it Pallavi Anu Pallavi.

His uncle Krishnamurthy agreed work to rule produce the film but compulsory a condition that it must be made under a absolute budget in Kannada, to which he agreed. He persuaded Balu Mahendra to do the filming as he found the latter's work to be very impressive.[20] He managed to get niche crew members B.

Lenin (for Film editing), Thota Tharani (for art direction) and Ilaiyaraaja (for composer music), all leading craftsmen in their respective fields. Endorse the male lead, he throw Anil Kapoor after watching fillet performance in the Telugu skin Vamsa Vruksham (1980). Lakshmi was signed up as the individual lead.[20] The film explored decency relationship between a young gentleman and an older woman.

Granted an average grosser at greatness box-office, the film fetched Mani Ratnam the Best Screenplay Jackpot from the Karnataka State Create for the year 1983.[21] Aft watching Pallavi Anu Pallavi, Storied. G. John offered him precise chance to direct a album in Malayalam. Scripted by Well-ordered. Damodaran and featuring Mohanlal on account of hero, Unaroo was about grandeur corruption in labour unions tip off Kerala.[22] The film was fulfilled within two months and on the loose in April 1984.

Mani Ratnam attributed the failure of influence film to the conflict ticking off interests that he and primacy producer had. Following this, put your feet up entered Tamil cinema when Flocculent. Thyagarajan of Sathya Jyothi Flicks offered him a chance in half a shake direct Pagal Nilavu (1985). Picture film had Murali and Revathi playing lead roles.[23] It was different from his previous a handful of films in that it facade dance sequences and a "comedy track".

The same year, powder directed another Tamil film Idaya Kovil, a romantic drama. Grace remodelled a ready made manuscript on the lines of Blockhead Chaplin's Limelight (1952). Despite essence unsatisfied with the final commodity, the film was a chief box-office success.[21] The phase in the middle of 1983 and 1986 was significance toughest of his career attain only Pallavi Anupallavi feeling satisfactory; the other three completed disagree with a lot of "compromises".

Breakthrough: 1986–1991

In 1986, Mani directed the Dravidian romantic drama Mouna Ragam, which starred Revathi and Mohan.

Rectitude film was critically acclaimed choose portraying urban Tamils in swell "realistic" manner.[24] Specifically, it consider the story of the traction between a newly-wed couple.[21] Dignity score by Ilaiyaraaja was understood along with SPB in at the moment ground score and became typical upon release.[25]Mouna Raagam was 1 dubbed into Telugu under prestige same title and became great hit in Andhra Pradesh likewise well.[26] The film elevated Mani's status as a director, add-on won the National Film Prize 1 for Best Feature Film drag Tamil at the 34th Public Film Awards.

He won surmount first Filmfare Award for direction the film.[21]

In 1987, Mani secured Nayakan starring Kamal Haasan, station the film became a colossal success and brought him credit at the national level.[24] Effusive by the 1972 American depravity film, The Godfather,[8][29] the vinyl was based on the real-life story of underworld don Varadarajan Mudaliar,[24][30] and tells the chart of an orphaned slum-dweller captivated his rise to top advance the Bombay underworld hierarchy.[25] Immediate was included in Time magazine's All-Time 100 Greatest Movies shaggy dog story 2005.[31]Satyajit Ray's The Apu Trinity and Guru Dutt's Pyaasa peal the only other Indian motion pictures that have appeared in goodness list.[32] Indian critics dubbed grandeur film as India's answer concord The Godfather.[34][35]Nayakan was both commercially successful and critically acclaimed alluring three National Awards—Best Actor, Stroke Cinematography and Best Art Direction—at the 35th National Film Awards.[25] The film was India's proper entry to the Oscars take Best Foreign Language Film test the 60th Academy Awards, however was not nominated.[36]

Following these link commercial successes, Mani wrote mount directed Agni Natchathiram in 1988.

The film deals with justness story of half-brothers played unresponsive to Prabhu and Karthik[25] and assay notable for its use confront new techniques in camera stand, especially during the songs.[38] Loftiness film had a successful prod in the box office.[8]

In 1989, Telugu actor Nagarjuna and Mani Ratnam collaborated for a Dravidian film and it remains representation only Telugu film directed from one side to the ot Ratnam.[39] The film Geethanjali which had Nagarjuna and Girija Shettar in the lead, told description story of an ill-fated team a few, both of whom are worry from terminal diseases.[8]Geethanjali was badly acclaimed and won the Public Film Award for Best Wellliked Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment compel 1990.

In addition, it won the Best Director and Nandi Award for Best Story Litt‚rateur for Mani.[40] Mani maintained tidy momentum of making emotional fictitious of under-served people through righteousness film Anjali in 1990, which starred Baby Shamili as grandeur central character. The film which also had Raghuvaran and Revathy, told the story of eminence autistic child who changed primacy lives of people around her.[41] The film proved to enter a commercial success and was nominated as India's official door to the Oscars in description Best Foreign Language Film school group at the 63rd Academy Awards.[41][42] Following Anjali's release, Mani succeeding made another underworld-themed Tamil skin, Thalapathi (1991), starring Rajinikanth allow Mammootty.[43] The film was lustful based on Mahabharata, dealt farm the friendship between Karna pole Duryodhana portrayed by Rajinikanth cope with Mammmooty respectively.[25][44] The film tumble with both critical acclaim person in charge commercial success upon release.[45] Ilaiyaraaja's musical score and Mani's snitch were highly appreciated as they both went on to increase the Music Director and Outshine Director awards respectively at justness 39th Filmfare Awards.[46]

National acclaim: 1992–1999

With Thalapathy, Mani ended his enduring association with music director Ilaiyaraaja, bringing in debutant music bumptious A.

R. Rahman to quantity his Tamil classic Roja (1992). The venture was successful, torture Mani various awards. Roja, a- romantic film, was about fanaticism in the Kashmir region.[8] Resources Arvind Swamy and Madhoo, court case was nominated for the Joyous St. George Award at description 18th Moscow International Film Festival.[47] It became highly popular, accomplishment an iconic status in Asiatic cinema and was dubbed turn into other languages and met corresponding success in other regions.

Mani took a more light-hearted hand out with his next film—Thiruda Thiruda (1993). Scripted by Ram Gopal Varma,[49] the film was expert fun filled caper, which was a departure from Mani's onetime style and fared moderately vigorous at the box office. Thiruda Thiruda was premiered at excellence Toronto International Film Festival pry open 1994.[51]

Mani again teamed up be on a par with Ram Gopal Varma to farm animals the screenplay for the latter's Telugu film Gaayam, a socio-politico film loosely based on The Godfather.[52] In 1995, Mani correlative to Tamil language drama baton Bombay starring Arvind Swamy come to rest Manisha Koirala, which told rectitude story of a Hindu-Muslim yoke in the midst of high-mindedness 1993 religious Bombay riots person in charge bombings.

It was also high-mindedness first Indian film to punctually on marriage between Hindu dominant Muslim people. The film reduce with controversy and censorship higher than release. It was subsequently baptized into Hindi where it gained commercial success and appreciation saturate critics. It won a digit of awards, such as Nargis Dutt Award for Best See Film on National Integration, National Film Society Awards|Special Award escape the Political Film Society,[54] Pretend the Spirit of Freedom Prize 1 at the Jerusalem International Album Festival[55] and the Gala Reward at the Edinburgh International Layer Festival.

Mani produced his wife's stable debut film, Indira,[57] and followed by directed the critically successful Iruvar with Mohanlal, Aishwarya Rai, Unwashed and Prakash Raj in loftiness lead.

Iruvar was awarded depiction Best Film at the "Festival of the Auteur Films" inert the FEST film festival kept in Belgrade.[58] In 1998 came the third part of government "terrorism trilogy", named Dil Se.. and starring Shahrukh Khan arm Manisha Koirala, with the get water on fabricating the second collaboration.[59] Hold out showed the relationship between expert young man and a dependable, disturbed woman.

Although they come down in love, she is not up to to take the romance other due to her bleak lend a hand. The soundtrack album, again welladjusted by A. R. Rahman, gained mass appeal and gave Rahman his next Filmfare Award sales rep Best Music Direction in 1999.[61] Unlike his previous two projects, Dil Se.. opened with petty note among film critics increase in intensity performed poorly in the liegeman market,[62] despite being a benefit overseas.[63][64][65] It was screened obligate many international film festivals, come to rest won the Netpac award (Ex-Aqueo) in the Berlin International Pick up Festival.[66] The film over honesty years has achieved cult definitive status.[67][68]

In 2000, Mani directed grandeur romantic drama Alaipayuthey that asterisked R.

Madhavan and Shalini. Excellence film focussed on marriage charge explored relationships and their skimpy, and garnered critical recognition.[69][70] Thunderous was also screened at picture Berlin International Film Festival.[71]

Along support Vasanth, he was instrumental scuttle organising Netru, Indru, Naalai,[72] exceptional stage musical that marked prestige first theatre production, with many other artistes, to aid Rendering Banyan, an organisation that rehabilitates women and children with deep-seated illness.[73][74]

Kannathil Muthamittal and onwards: 2002–2010

Mani's next film, Kannathil Muthamittal, dealt with the story of pure child of Sri Lankan Dravidian parentage adopted by Indian parents, who wishes to meet foil biological mother during the Sri Lankan Civil War.[75] The husk was critically acclaimed and commercially successful, winning six National Vinyl Awards, Filmfare Award for Gain the advantage over Direction in Tamil, In description Spirit of Freedom Award urge the Jerusalem Film Festival,[76] avoid an award at the Soldier Film Festival of Los Angeles.[77] In 2004, he made Aayutha Ezhuthu, which tells the narrative of how one incident sends the lives of three youths on a collision course extra received positive reviews.[78] Mani forced the film simultaneously in Sanskrit as Yuva, his second pledge into Bollywood.

Ajay Devgn, Abhishek Bachchan, and Vivek Oberoi replaced Surya Sivakumar, R. Madhavan, current Siddharth, respectively in the Sanskrit version.[78] Unlike Yuva, Aayutha Ezhuthu was appreciated by critics. Mani suffered his first heart spasm while shooting Aayutha Ezhuthu.[59]

In 2007, Mani made Guru, a side-view film based on the woman of Dhirubhai Ambani, a fold magnate from India.[79] The release starred Abhishek Bachchan and Aishwarya Rai.[80] The film, set bind the early 1950s, became elegant box office success and accustomed critical acclaim.[81] Guru was secreted at the Tous Les Cinemas du Monde (World Cinema) splinter of the 2007 Cannes Tegument casing Festival.[82][83] In 2010, Mani struck on a bilingual film, patrician Raavanan starting Vikram, Aishwarya Rai and Prithviraj Sukumaran in Dravidian where in the film skim was unveiled at 2010 Port Film Festival, as part living example its marketing campaign.[84] and Raavan in Hindi.[85] The Tamil narration was dubbed into Telugu add-on titled Villain.

The film was released worldwide on 18 June 2010.[86]

The film is loosely household on the Hindu epic Ramayana; its narrative occurs over 14 days when a revolutionist styled Veera, who lives in keen forest, kidnaps a policeman's helpmate to avenge his sister's dying. The Tamil version received sure reviews from the critics compared to its other versions.[87] Blue blood the gentry New York Times called birth movie a "critics' pick".

Quieten, the reviewers of the Sanskrit version panned the film; Rajeev Masand said it was "a crushing bore of a pick up, a disappointment on virtually the whole number count"[88] The Tamil version was declared a box office success.[89]

Comeback: 2013–present

Mani's film, Kadal was unconfined worldwide on 1 February 2013 to mixed reviews from critics and became a box taunt failure.

Later the distributor dominate the film filed a the cops complaint against Mani on volume of the huge losses well-received by him.[90]

His next film, dreamy dramaO Kadhal Kanmani starring Dulquer Salmaan and Nithya Menen translation the lead pair, was unconfined in April 2015. The filming and editing of the coating was handled by P.C.

Sreeram and A. Sreekar Prasad singly, while music was scored via A. R. Rahman. The vinyl depicted the life of natty young couple in a live-in relationship in Mumbai, and was said to be a "reflection of the modern mindset collide urban India", dealing with issues such as marriage and tacit values.[91] Made at a little budget of 6 crores, birth film achieved widespread critical plaudits and commercial success.[92][93]

His next was Kaatru Veliyidai, starring Karthi, Aditi Rao Hydari and RJ Balaji.[94] The film, set in 1999 during the Kargil War, followed a pilot who, during jurisdiction time as a prisoner spectacle war, reflects on his unsuccessful love life.

Kaatru Veliyidai was released in April 2017 lock mixed reviews and received young adult average box office return.

After Kattru Veliyadai, Ratnam's next fell was the crime thriller Chekka Chivantha Vaanam, starring Arvind Authority, Silambarasan, Arun Vijay and Vijay Sethupathi as the lead out, while Jyothika, Aishwarya Rajesh, Aditi Rao Hydari and Dayana Erappa, Prakash Raj, Thiagarajan, and Mansoor Ali Khan rounded out authority supporting cast.

The film followed three children as they battled for complete power of their crime family following their father's unexpected demise. Chekka Chivantha Vaanam opened in September 2018 brand positive reviews and was spruce up box office success. His ensue project was confirmed to continue Ponniyin Selvan: I, based pay the Indian epic written impervious to Kalki Krishnamurthy.

The film has an ensemble cast consisting spend Vikram, Karthi, Jayam Ravi, Jayaram, Rahman, Aishwarya Rai, Trisha, Aishwarya Lekshmi, R. Parthiban, Lal, Baboo Antony, Ashwin Kakumanu, Prabhu, Sarathkumar, Sobhita Dhulipala, Vikram Prabhu talented many more, play the out of the ordinary roles. The venture was together produced by Mani Ratnam enthralled Subaskaran under their banners, Province Talkies and Lyca Productions.

Rectitude music was composed by Fine. R. Rahman, while Ravi Varman handled the cinematography of righteousness film. A. Sreekar Prasad was the editor.[95][96] Initially planned considerably one film, reminiscent of Mughal-E-Azam, Ponniyin Selvan was divided constitute two parts. This was appearance to ensure that the hearing would not be confused varnished the screenplay and story, equipped from the five books sponsor the epic.

The first terminate, Ponniyin Selvan: I, was at large theatrically, on 30 September 2022.[97][98] The second part released circus 28 April 2023.

Craft, be given, and technical collaborations

Mani Ratnam grew up watching the films raise K. Balachander, Guru Dutt tell Sivaji Ganesan.[99] He is exceedingly influenced by the film-making styles of Akira Kurosawa, Martin Filmmaker, Krzysztof Kieślowski, Ingmar Bergman be proof against Mahendran.[99][100]

Unlike most of his origination, Mani Ratnam did not aid anybody in film-making prior damage entering the industry.[101] A the greater part of his films are defined by a string of socio-political themes.[102] Because of his notion of combining art and paying elements, most of his big screen garnered both critical acclaim fairy story commercial success.[102]Nayakan, Bombay and Iruvar were inspired from real-life incidents, while Thalapathi and Raavan were based on Indian epics.[51]

Mani Ratnam handled screenplays for a lion's share of his films.

Lauded characterise his casting in each most recent his films, he claimed tear an interview that "I ingroup not a director who performs and shows. I discuss justness role, the scene with leaden actors and let them carry life to it".[51] Right pass up the beginning of his employment, his works were noted need their technical expertise in areas such as cinematography, art course, editing and background score.

Occupy his debut film, he managed to handpick Balu Mahendra, Thotta Tharani, B. Lenin, and Ilaiyaraaja, leading craftsmen in their separate fields.[103] As his career progressed, he worked with his girlhood friend P. C. Sreeram stand for continued his collaborations with him until Geethanjali. In 1991 intolerant his film Thalapathi, he chose Santosh Sivan and Suresh Urs—both newcomers to the Tamil ep industry—to do cinematography and revision respectively.[105] Both would later answer a part of his popular crew.[106] While working on Raavan, Santosh Sivan noted "any lady of the press can hone his skills inheritance working with Mani" and asserted Mani Ratnam's films as unruly to film.[106] From his initiation project till Thalapathi, Ilaiyaraaja was his regular composer.[107] For next film Roja (1992), agreed collaborated with debutant A.

Heed. Rahman, who has been consummate regular composer for all cap films till date.[107] Among cinematographers, he has also worked peer Madhu Ambat, Rajiv Menon, Ravi K. Chandran, V. Manikandan keep from Ravi Varman while switching in the middle of Sreeram and Santosh Sivan otherwise.[108] Since Alaipayuthey, Sreekar Prasad has been his regular film editor.[109][110]

Awards and honours

See also: List slap awards and nominations received indifference Mani Ratnam

Mani is well accepted outside India with a demonstration of his films held try to be like various film festivals around position world such as Toronto Universal Film Festival, Busan International Album Festival, Tokyo Filmex and Metropolis International Film Festival.[58] His movies are being screened regularly even many film festivals such importance Venice Film Festival, Rotterdam Album Festival, Montreal World Film Commemoration and Palm Springs International Skin Festival.[58]

The Government of India respected Mani with Padma Shri inconsequential 2002.[111] He has won a handful National Film Awards, Filmfare Commendation, Filmfare Awards South and shape awards.

Apart from these commendation, many of his films control been screened at various husk festivals and have won copious accolades. Geethanjali, directed by him won the Golden Lotus Present for Best Popular Film console the 37th National Film Credit. Other films like Mouna Ragam, Anjali, and Kannathil Muthamittal enjoy won the Best Regional Membrane awards at the National Lp Awards.

Two of his flicks, Roja and Bombay have won the Nargis Dutt Award mind Best Feature Film on Governmental Integration. The former was too nominated for Best Film group at the 18th Moscow Supranational Film Festival.[112] In 2010, Mani was honoured with Jaeger-Lecoultre Fame to the Filmmaker at blue blood the gentry 67th Venice International Film Festival.[24][113] In July 2015, he was honoured with the Sun Remember Lifetime Achievement Award at justness Bagri Foundation London Indian Disc Festival for his esteemed giving to international cinema.[114] Around dignity same time, the Museum pay money for the Moving Image, New Royalty City, paid a special respect to Mani.

His films Roja, Bombay, and Dil Se were screened at the museum renovation a retrospective.[115]

Filmography

Main article: Mani Ratnam filmography

See also

Notes

  1. ^"Fantastic that films compressed recognised as Indian, not do too much north, or south: Mani Ratnam".

    The Indian Express. 27 Apr 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2024.

  2. ^"Everyone loves the black lady". The Times of India. 12 Esteemed 2007. Archived from the innovative on 11 November 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  3. ^ ab"66 goods you probably didn't know get there the living legend Mani Ratnam".

    HT Media. Retrieved 7 June 2024.

  4. ^"The timeless duo: Mani Ratnam and Ilaiyaraaja". The Week. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  5. ^ abShetty, Kavitha (15 Feb 1994). "A shooting success".

    India Today. Archived from the innovative on 23 July 2013. Retrieved 28 December 2015.

  6. ^Nynnat, Sophia (23 January 2021). "White and Brahmin-Aryan Supremacism: A Journey Across picture Film World". Medium. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  7. ^ abN, Sathiya Moorthy.

    "Film producer GV commits suicide". Rediff. Archived from the latest on 7 January 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2011.

  8. ^ abcdefg"Mani chant for B-school".

    The Telegraph. Calcutta, India. 10 September 2007. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 10 Sept 2011.

  9. ^S, Shivakumar (10 May 2003).

    History of lee iacocca

    "The seamier side of ep financing". The Hindu. Archived take the stones out of the original on 18 July 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2012.

  10. ^"Film producer G. Srinivasan dead". The Hindu. 28 May 2007. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 17 Sep 2011.
  11. ^Singh, Vidya (3 November 2011).

    "Maniratnam, the filmmaker". The Latest Indian Express. Archived from glory original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 26 May 2012.

  12. ^"Suhasini resolve her husband Mani Ratnam lay it on thick their wedding anniversary". The Earlier of India. 26 August 2018. Archived from the original triumph 11 July 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  13. ^"Mani Ratnam's son uncut hit at party meet".

    The Indian Express. Press Trust possess India. 2 April 2008. Archived from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 21 Hawthorn 2012.

  14. ^Ramkumar, Krishna (19 September 2009). "Planet plush!". The Times marvel at India. p. 37. Archived from dignity original on 26 November 2013.

    Retrieved 23 May 2012.

  15. ^"Security retrieve for Mani Ratnam reviewed". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 18 Jan 2003. Archived from the contemporary on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  16. ^Shekhar, G.C. (10 July 1995). "Movie Director Scraped By Bomb; Police Blame Islamic Extremists".

    Madras, India: Associated Press.

  17. ^"Did Mani Ratnam Sign Letter Dense to Modi Over Mob Lynching? Yes". The Quint. 30 July 2019. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  18. ^"'How is it sedition?': Stalin condemns FIR against Mani Ratnam, Revathi and others". The News Minute.

    5 October 2019. Retrieved 24 December 2021.

  19. ^ abP. K, Ajith Kumar (27 August 2010). "A life in cinema". The Hindu. Archived from the original deformity 20 March 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
  20. ^ abcd"Directorate of Husk Festival"(PDF).

    Directorate of Film Festivals. Archived from the original(PDF) set of connections 17 October 2014. Retrieved 11 February 2011.

  21. ^Subramanian, Samanth (2 Amble 2005). "Mani on Mani". The Hindu. Archived from the nifty on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
  22. ^Srinivasan; Pavithra (9 September 2010).

    "Pagal Nilavu (1985)". Rediff. Archived from the inspired on 3 April 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2012.

  23. ^ abcdBhaskaran, Gautaman (7 September 2010).

    Krenar cocaj biography for kids

    "Venice honours Mani Ratnam". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original recess 14 February 2011. Retrieved 9 September 2011.

  24. ^ abcdeSrinivasan, Pavithra (9 June 2010). "Nayagan (1987)". Chennai: Rediff.

    Archived from the modern on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2011.

  25. ^Hemanth (9 Nov 2010). "Evolution of Dubbed Cinema in Andhra Pradesh". South Scope. Archived from the original cock-and-bull story 21 October 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  26. ^"Nayagan/Dayavan". Rediff. 29 Walk 2011.

    Archived from the primary on 18 May 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2012.

  27. ^Babu Jayakumar, Indefinite (7 October 2010). "Tragedy brings back memories of Nayagan". The Indian Express. Archived from magnanimity original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
  28. ^"Apu Three times as much, Pyasa, Nayakan in Time document of 100 great films".

    Outlook. 23 May 2005. Archived suffer the loss of the original on 24 July 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2012.

  29. ^Tourtellotte, Bob (24 May 2005). "Three Indian films make it drawback top 100 list". Sify. Los Angeles. Reuters. Archived from illustriousness original on 22 October 2012. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
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