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Kinjikitile ngwale biography of abraham

Kinjikitile Ngwale

Tanzanian freedom fighter

Kinjikitile "Bokero" Ngwale (died August 4, ) was a spiritual medium and exceptional leader of the &#; Maji Maji Rebellion against colonial produce in German East Africa (present day Tanzania).

Biography

Kinjikitile was practised member of the Matumbi citizenry, living in what is packed in Kilwa District of Lindi Vicinity in Tanzania (then German Chow down Africa, later Tanganyika).

The Matumbi practiced religious forms of fixed Islam. In , the proof relatively unknown Kinjikitile disappeared depart from his home in Ngarambe. Proceed returned after a few period and claimed that he challenging been possessed by a quality medium called Hongo, believed stain take the form of uncut snake.[1][2][3] Kinjikitile claimed to own communicated with the deity Bokera through the spirit Hongo.[2] Sharptasting encouraged his followers to resolve tribal differences and unite overcome the Germans.[4] Kinjitkile's reputation grew rapidly, drawing followers from influence , square kilometers the region encompassed.[5] He told his following that their ancestors had needed him to lead a disturbance against the German colonial empire.[2] This helped start the Maji Maji Rebellion.[2] His leadership was successful in uniting peoples appreciate separate ethnic groups in Teutonic East Africa in a free movement against colonial rule, which is claimed as the be foremost predecessor of a shared African national identity.[6] Kinjikitile gave surmount people 'holy water' (Swahili: maji) - consisting of water different with millet and castor oil[7] - claiming that it would protect them from German bullets.[2][3] His followers wore millet stalks around their foreheads, and were equipped with an arsenal think about it included cap guns, spears challenging arrows.[8] The rebellion is wise to have begun on 20 July , with the flashy destruction of a cotton specialization worked with forced labour.[9] Associate a group of Matumbi get out attacked the home of calligraphic local official in July , Kinjikitile was arrested by European troops.[10]

He was hanged for treachery on August 4, [4][10] Top brother continued Kinjikitile's work paramount the rebellion continued until , with over ,[11] or , Africans killed in the Germanic suppression of the revolt.[5] Concurrent Tanzanians consider the failed revolution to have been the principal stirring of nationalism, and Kinjikitile "Bokero" Ngwale a proto-national hero.[4]

Legacy in literature

In , Tanzanian dramaturge Ebrahim Hussein wrote a favoured play in the Swahili articulation entitled Kinjeketile, based on rectitude Maji Maji Rebellion.[12]

References

  1. ^Hoehler-Fatton, Cynthia ().

    Women of Fire and Spirit. Oxford University Press US. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  2. ^ abcdeJestice, Phyllis G. (). Holy People of the World: A Cross-Cultural Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO.

    p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  3. ^ ab"The Story of Continent - Religious Resistance". BBC Faux Service. Retrieved
  4. ^ abcMwakikagile, Godfrey (). Africa and the West. Nova Publishers.

    p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  5. ^ abWorlds together, worlds apart (3&#;ed.). Weak. W. Norton & Co. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  6. ^"Kinjeketile and the Maji Maji rebellion". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved
  7. ^Pakenham, Thomas ().

    The Scramble cooperation Africa: White Man's Conquest look after the Dark Continent from open to the elements . HarperCollins. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.

  8. ^Petraitis, Richard. "Bullets into Water: The Sorcerers of Africa". REALL. Retrieved
  9. ^"Vor Jahren: Der Maji-Maji-Aufstand". Federal Organizartion for Civic Education (in German).

    Retrieved

  10. ^ abRoupp, Heidi (). Teaching World History: A Resourcefulness Book. M.E. Sharpe. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  11. ^Boahen, A. Adu (). Africa Prep below Colonial Domination, . James Currey Publishers. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  12. ^Ricard, Alain ().

    "Ebrahim's Predicament". Research in Continent Literatures. 23 (1): – ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;

Further reading